The
statistics appeared in this chapter have been provided as registers by the
Ministry of Energy on two topics of
"water" and "electricity".
1. Water
This section includes
information on "underground waters", "reservoir dams", and
"length of networks and number of water and sewage extensions".
Statistics on water were added to the Statistical Yearbook of Iran in 1346.
Statistics
on underground waters have been provided by Water Resources Management
Organization; statistics on reservoir dams have been supplied by the Bureau for
the Exploitation of Dams and Water Supply Networks of the Ministry of Energy;
and statistics on the Length of networks
and number of water and sewage
extensions have been obtained
from the Water and Sewage Engineering Company.
2. Electricity
Electric power
industry-related data was first collected in 1343 by the then Ministry of Water
and Power (renamed the Ministry of Energy in 1353). Since 1346, the Ministry
has regularly provided the annual statistics on the power industry comprising
power generation, transmission, distribution, and consumption. The statistics,
a part of which appears in some tables of this yearbook, are presented in
various annual publications released by the Ministry.
Moreover,
through two successive censuses of population and housing in 1365 and 1375, the
SCI collected data on residential units and households benefiting from piped
water and electricity which are reflected in Chapter 9, “Construction and
Housing,” of the yearbook.
Definitions and concepts
Water basin:
see Chapter 1
, Definitions and concepts.
Water produced: the amount of water
gained from various
(surface and underground) water resources such as wells, springs, subterranean canals,
dams and river basins.
Dam: a barrier built against the flow of water to
reserve water or change the direction of flow for procuring water for drinking,
industry, irrigation and electricity generation, etc.
Reservoir dam: usually a large dam made against the flow of
water to reserve it for following purposes:
procuring water for irrigation, drinking, industry, creating hydraulic
height for generating electricity, etc.
Large reservoir dam: refers to all dams
with a height of 15-metre or more as well as 10-to-15 metre high dams having a
reservoir with a volume of 1 million cubic metres or more and/or a capacity of
flood discharge of 2000 cubic metres per second.
Inflow: annual volume of water entered the
reservoir of a dam through the river.
Outflow: total annual volume of water discharged
from different outlets of a dam (weir, silt ejector channels, take-out gates, drainage channels and
evaporation).
Water extension: refers to the part
of branched-off water pipes, containing pipe, related accessories, with a
profile appropriate to the water metre and the extension capacity of public
water, which connects a private water distribution line or public water
distribution network from installation place of extension valve to the delivery
point (valve following
the
water metre).
Public water distribution network: refers to all
installations and equipment of water distribution system, including reservoirs,
main and minor water distribution lines and water pump house, all of which
belong to the Water and Sewage Company.
Sewage extension: refers to the part
of minor sewage pipelines, including pipes and related accessories, with a
profile appropriate to siphon or contractual capacity, which carries joint
sewages away from the siphon to the private line or to the public network
responsible for collecting sewages.
Public network for collection and
transmission of sewage: refers to all installations and equipment, such as
main collectors, used for collection and transmission of sewage to water
treatment house and pump houses of urban sewage and public side networks, all
belonging to the Water and Sewage Company. The network is not responsible for
collection, transmission and disposal of rainfall water flowing on passages,
flood channels and channels inside and outside cities located in the customers’
estates.
Nominal capacity (registered nominal
capacity): refers
to the nominal capacity of a turbine or generator mentioned on a plate attached
to it for a specific conditions in horse power or megawatt (Mw).
Actual capacity or actual power
(registered power): refers to the maximum amount of electricity that could be generated by
a generator or a plant regarding the conditions of installation site
(temprature, altitude and other environmental conditions).
Gross production: refers to the amount of electricity generated
by a generator or a plant during a certain period which is measured on output
series of main or supplementary generators and stated in kilowatt hour (Kwh) or
megawatt hour (Mwh).
Net generation: refers to the electricity measured at the
point of transmission to the power grid. During a certain period, the net
generation may be calculated by subtracting gross internal consumption form the
gross generation in the same period.
Other institutions: the institutions which
generate electricity for their own consumption and also sell a part of their production to other institutions but
are independent from the Ministry of Energy;
some examples are, Esfahan Steelworks , Mobarakeh Steel
Industries ,
Petrochemical
industries, Tabriz Tractor
Industries, and Sarcheshmeh Copper Industries.
Interconnected network: the
collection of production sites and regions of consumption around the
country connected together with a
network of transmission lines and high voltage stations. The network lets
electricity exchange between the regions covered, and makes the export of
electric energy possible.
Isolated network: refers to a
collection of generation and consumption of electricity connected to each
other, but not connected to the interconnected network
Load demand: the power consumed during a
certain period in a certain part of the network
Maximum coincidental load: in a full interconnected electricity system,
maximum coincidental load for a day, a week, a month, or a year refers to the
sum of load at the peak of consumption in regions in megawatt. Where the
interconnected system does not cover the total country, the maximum
coincidental load may be calculated by adding up maximum load of interconnected
network and load of separate regions in megawatt simultaneously. With regard to
the difference between peak hours of consumption in different regions connected
to the interconnected network, maximum coincidental load is less than the sum
of the maximum loads of the regions.
Maximum non-coincidental load: the
peak of consumption in different regions of the country during a certain period, which are not necessarily
simultaneous.
Power company: the companies (Ltd.) which are by law engaged
in generation, transmission and distribution
of electricity or in a part of such activities.
The definition covers the
water and
power
organizations as well.
Power plant: refers to the installation place of generators
and related equipment.
Hydroelectric power plant: a power plant
in
which the potential energy of water is used to drive
the electricity generator turbine.
Thermal power plant: a power plant in which
chemical energy inherent in solid, liquid, gaseous fuels is transformed into
electricity. This definition covers nuclear, steam, gas and combined-cycle
power plants.
Steam power plant: a kind of power plant in which the
steam produced from
the thermal
energy
in liquid, solid and gas fuels drives the steam turbine to generate
electricity.
Gas plant: a type of power plant in which hot gas
produced from the thermal energy in gas and liquid fuels drives gas turbine to
generate electricity.
Combined-cycle power plant: a kind of power plant in which, in addition
to electric energy in gas turbine, the heat in gasses off the gas turbine is
used for production of steam using a recycling steam kettle. The steam produced
is transformed into electric energy in a steam turbogenerator set.
Diesel power plant: a kind of power plant in which gas or liquid
is used in cylinders to transform mechanical energy produced by coupled
generator into electric energy.
Internal consumption: refers to the
sum of electricity consumed internally by units and for non-technical cases, as
well as consumption of lights, etc. in a power plant in a certain period in
kilowatt-hour (Kwh).
Losses: refers to the energy lost on transmission and
distribution lines in a network or a certain system. Energy lost by
transformers is considered as losses of transmission and distribution.
Energy produced by the fuel (thermal value): the amount
of heat (kilo calorie or B.T.U) produced through burning of the mass unit of a
certain fuel.
Thermal output: considering that the
thermal energy produced by 1 Kwh is equal to 860 kcal, the output of thermal power plants (thermal output) is
calculated through the following formula:
output(%) =
(860/thermal energy consumed for 1 Kwh of power generated) times 100
Line: the cables installed on poles
to transmit the electric power from the production site (power plant) or
substation to consumption places in different voltages.
Power transmission line: a line
which transmits the generated electric
power in voltages 230 and 400 Kv.
Subtransmission line: a line which
transmits the produced electric power in voltages 63 and 132 kv.
Electricity customers: natural or
legal persons whose specifications are registered by customers division
according to the regulation of the power company after submitting the required
documents and payment of the related costs, then they are offered a customer
number.
Household uses: electricity
used by households to operate common electric appliances and for lights in
residential units.
Public uses: electricity
used for public services.
Agricultural uses: electricity
used for pumping surface and underground water or repumping water for
production of crops or carrying out agricultural activities. Agricultural
activities are defined in ISIC Rev. 3.
Industrial uses: electricity
used for doing jobs in establishments engaged in manufacturing and mining
activities. Manufacturing and mining activities are defined in ISIC Rev. 3.
Commercial uses: electricity used in commercial and business places.